How can a teacher assess students' ability to conduct scientific investigations?

The correct choice emphasizes the essential skills involved in conducting scientific investigations, which encompass formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data. This comprehensive approach allows teachers to gauge students' understanding of the scientific method, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities.

Conducting a scientific investigation is not merely about recalling facts but requires students to engage in a process that includes asking questions, developing predictions based on their prior knowledge, testing those predictions through experimentation, and then interpreting the results. This hands-on assessment enables teachers to observe how students apply their knowledge in a practical context, fostering a deeper understanding of scientific principles and the nature of inquiry.

In contrast, the other options do not sufficiently capture the full spectrum of skills needed for scientific investigations. Memorizing facts does not demonstrate a student's investigative skills or understanding of scientific concepts. Focusing solely on written reports may overlook the importance of practical experimentation and data analysis. Lastly, standardized testing often assesses knowledge in a more rigid format that may not fully evaluate students' abilities to engage in hands-on scientific inquiry or critical thinking.